Computer science

Theoretical Computer Science

1. ★★★★☆ Computable functions (with mu recursion) + universal turing machine
2. ★★★★★ Meaningful things are stuff the universe possesses a semantics for (older versions: [crash course on logic] [godel and time travel])
3. ★★★☆☆ Ordinals and well-founded recursion 

Information theory

1. ★★★★☆ Information and bits
2. ★★★★☆ Entropy, optimal compression and invertible change of variables
3. ★★★★☆ Information theory of multiple random variables
4. Information geometry -- ref

Cognitive science

1. ★★☆☆☆ Riddles and mental models 
2. Train of thought and mental heuristics: search, pattern-matching, problem-solving, simulation, reasoning, forming and expanding mental models, rationalization and narrative-forming 
3. Memory etc.

Learning

1. ★★★☆☆ Machine learning as function approximation
2. ★★★☆☆ Machine learning and information theory 
3. ★★★☆☆ Causation and: semi-supervised learning
4. ★★★☆☆ Causation and: transfer learning
5. Causation and reinforcement learning
6. Causation and belief propagation
7. ★★☆☆☆ Image processing and convolutions

Cryptography

Neuromorphism and hardware optimization